Recommended Practice for Battery Management Systems in Energy Storage Applications

This recommended practice includes information on the design, installation, and configuration of battery management systems in stationary applications, including both grid-interactive, standalone cycling and standby modes. This document covers battery management hardware, software, and configuration. Hardware capabilities in large systems include: grounding and isolation; passive and active balancing; and wired or wireless sensors. Software capabilities include: algorithms for optimal operation with reduced risk; best practices for verification and validation; alarms; and communication with external systems. Common settings are discussed along with setting selection methods. Battery types that this document covers include lithium-ion, sodium-beta, advanced lead-acid, and flow batteries. General factors for other types are provided. This document does not cover battery management systems for mobile applications such as electric vehicles; nor does it include operation in vehicle-to-grid applications. Energy management systems, which control the dispatch of power and energy to and from the grid, are not covered.