Energy Storage Modeling for Distribution Planning

Authors: Roger C. Dugan and Jason A. Taylor

Title: Energy Storage Modeling for Distribution Planning

Abstract:

“Storage is being proposed to solve many issues on distribution networks, especially those issues related to renewable generation such as wind and solar generation. Electric vehicle charging also creates challenges that could be addressed with appropriate storage. Some North American state and provincial regulators are requiring large amounts of storage to be installed to support anticipated needs of the power grid. Much of that new storage is anticipated to be installed on the distribution feeders.

Distribution planners lack tools and methods to assess storage impact on distribution system capacity, reliability, and power quality. Although planners are more accustomed to static power flow calculations, accurate analysis requires sequential-time simulation. This paper describes modeling storage for various types of simulations on distribution systems for different time frames typically involved. Base impact on capacity and voltage regulation can generally be evaluated in simulations with 15-min intervals. Evaluations of smoothing of renewable generation variations may require simulations with time step sizes of 1 min or less. Evaluations of such things as frequency control of microgrids and performance during transient disturbances will require electromechanical dynamics analysis in intervals ranging from seconds down to microseconds. The illustrations come from recent EPRI research (see References).”

References:

Roger Dugan, Jason Taylor, and Gauthier DeLille, “Storage Simulations for Distribution System Analysis”, Paper No. 1340, CIRED 2013, Stockholm.

Smart Grid Demonstration Initiative Case Studies, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA, Vol . 1 Oct., 2012. 1026435
A Case Study on Multiple Technology Aggregate Response: American Electric Power Smart Grid Demonstration, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: Dec. 2013. 3002001965.

J. Taylor, et al., “Distribution modeling requirements for integration of PV, PEV, and storage in a smart grid environment,” in Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2011 IEEE, 2011, pp. 1-6.

Understanding Energy Storage Solutions and Capabilities on Utility Distribution Systems: Analysis of Grid Effect of Energy Storage through Modeling and Simulation Activities. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2011. 1021938.